Пушкин в Айкии

[birdwatcher]

На той неделе alex_smirnov цитировал анекдотическую рекламу брусники по-английски, в которой она последовательно называется черникой (напр. девушка покраснела, как черника); в том числе самопальный перевод третьего стиха третьей главы Онегина. В комментариях возникло предположение, что это перевод Набокова. Привожу настоящий набоковский перевод,

Поедем.―             Поскакали други, Явились; им расточены Порой тяжёлые услуги Гостеприимной старины. Обряд известный угощенья: Несут на блюдечках варенья, На столик ставят вощаной Кувшин с брусничною водой. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Let's go." And off the two friends drove; they have appeared; upon them are bestowed the sometimes onerous attentions of hostpitable ancientry. The ritual of the treat is known: in little dishes jams are brought, on an oilcloth'd small table there is set a jug of lingonberry water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

и комментарий:

8 / lingonberry: Brusnika is Vaccinium vitis-idaea Linn., the red bilberry—the "red whorts" of northern England, the lingon of Sweden, the Preisselbeere of Germany, and the airelle ponctuée of French botanists—which grows in northern pine forests and in the mountains. It is also called "cowberry" and "windberry," but so are some of its congeners. In Scotland it goes under the names of "common cranberry" and "lingberry," both of which are misleading since it has nothing to do either with the true cranberry, Oxycoccus oxycoccus or palustris (the Russian klyukva), or with the capsules of "ling," heather, Calluna. In America it is termed "mountain cranberry" (e.g., by Thoreau in The Maine Woods, 1864) and "lowbush cranberry" (by Canadian fishermen), which leads to hopeless confusion with American forms of true cranberry, Oxycoccus. Dictionaries, and the harmful drudges who use them to translate Russian authors, confuse the lingonberry with its blue-fruit ally, Vaccinium myrtillus Linn. (bilberry proper, whortleberry, the "hurts" or "roundels azure" of heraldry; Russ. chernika); and I notice that Turgenev lets Viardot get away with the ridiculous "cassis," black currant!
   The combination brusníchnaya vodá (or voditsa), eau d'airelle rouge, might perhaps be translated simply "redberry water" (cf. Swift's "citron water," Journal of a Modern Lady, 1729), had not there existed other red berries. Onegin, as will be seen further (iv : 13-14), is distrustful of Mme Larin's lingonade, fearing the action of a country brew on a city stomach. Lingonberry was extensively used in rural communities, as both berry extracts and herb decoctions, for internal ills such as kidney trouble and gastric disorders. As early as the sixteenth century the Domostroy, a MS set of household injunctions, lists vodï brusnichnïe among the contents of a goodman's cellar.
   The lingonberry is as popular in Russia as are the bilberry, the cranberry, the raspberry (malina), the wild and cultivated strawberry (zemlyanika), and the wild and cultivated hautbois or green strawberry (klubnika—often confused by provincial Russians with the ordinary garden strawberry, sadovaya zemlyanika, viktoriya, etc.). Students of Russian literature will recall beautiful new tail coat "of a lingonberry red, sparked" that Chichikov sports in Gogol's Dead Souls, pt. II (c. 1845).
   I expect some acknowledgment for all this information from future translators of Russian classics.
   Miss Deutsch serves "huckleberry syrup," and Miss Radin "A jug of huckleberry juice." Spalding skips the stanza but in the next refers to "that bilberry wine"; and Elton upsets Onegin's stomach with "bilberry-decoctions ... in a jar" and "that liquor from bilberries."

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